The former Chelsea striker will team up with ex-Blues colleague Nicolas Anelka in a deal worth about £200,000 a week.
Drogba, 34, said: “I hope to help promote Chinese football around the world and further improve the links between China and Africa.”
The Ivory Coast forward scored the winning penalty in Chelsea’s Champions League final defeat of Bayern Munich in May.
One of his first games will be against Manchester United with Alex Ferguson’s team playing Shanghai Shenhua on 25 July as part of their pre-season tour.
